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Místo konání konferenceVe dnech 6. a 7. října 2000 se v budově divadla Image v Pařížské ulici konal mezinárodní seminář Social Housing in Europe 2000. Hlavním iniciátorem tohoto setkání řady zahraničních kapacit z oblasti bydlení a zejména pak sociálního bydlení byl Ing. Mgr. Martin Lux z týmu Socioekonomie bydlení. Seminář proběhl pod záštitou Sociologického ústavu AV ČR a Ministerstva pro místní rozvoj ČR, poděkování patří rovněž Maďarskému kulturnímu institutu, Slovenskému institutu a Polskému kulturnímu institutu. Zúčastnili se ho jak odborníci ze západoevropských zemí (za některé uveďme např. Prof. Hugo Priemus z Nizozemí, Dr. Kenneth Gibb z Velké Británie), tak ze zemí bývalého socialistického bloku (Polsko, Maďarsko, Slovensko, Chorvatsko). V jeho průběhu někteří vystoupili se svými referáty na téma sociální bydlení, ostatní měli možnost zúčastnit se navazujících panelových diskusí. Mezi diskutujícími byla i řada odborníků zabývajících se bydlením v České republice (od zástupců Ministerstva pro místní rozvoj, přes představitele institucí územního plánování a bytové výstavby, občanských sdružení, akademické veřejnosti, politické reprezentace atd.) Celý seminář probíhal v anglickém jazyce (proto jsou abstrakty k vystoupením jednotlivých přednášejících, stejně jako program, k dispozici pouze v angličtině).

Publikace Social Housing in Europe 2000

Papers of participants of the workshop Social Housing in Europe 2000 are available in .pdf.

 

 

 

PROGRAMME OF THE WORKSHOP

Friday, 6th October, 2000

Morning Session: Contemporary situation and trends in social housing sector in the European Union.

Welcome address by the director of the Housing Policy Department of the Ministry for Regional Development of Czech Republic (Ing. Daniela Grabmüllerová).

Introductory address by the director of the Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (Dr. Michal Illner).

Purpose and objectives of the Workshop (Ing. Mgr. Martin Lux).

The presentation of Prof. Hugo Priemus, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.

My contribution to the conference ‘Social Housing in the European Union 2000’ deals with growth and stagnation in the social rented sector in Western Europe. I try to explain current and future changes in the market share of social rented housing. In addition, the changes within the social rented sector will be examined. In what respects is this sector changing and what is the social dimension of the social rented sector now and in the future? I give an overview of the current transformation from social housing to owner-occupation in large parts of the housing stock in most European countries. The general outlook is a declining or stable market share of social rented dwellings. There is no European country where an increasing market share of social rented dwellings is expected now. In countries where the share of owner-occupancy is very large, there is not much evidence of growth in this sector. Owner-occupancy may be expected to rise when the economy picks up, when mortgage interest rates drop, and when governments offer homeowners tax advantages. But owner-occupancy may stagnate or even decrease when the economy slows down, unemployment rises, the number of structural full-time jobs declines, urbanisation increases, the population ages, or when a large influx of immigrants from poor countries occurs. The development of social housing is connected with the development of the welfare state. Those who expect that the welfare state will disappear have sombre expectations about the future of social housing. When we expect a reconstruction of the welfare state and in the same time a bright future for this reconstructed welfare state, we may also foresee a new future for social rented housing. This sector has to be reformed by a privatisation of finance, a stronger market orientation and a greater efficiency. As long as the social rented sector is primarily oriented towards low-income households and as long as profits are reinvested in housing, social rented housing will maintain its ‘social’ profile. A differentiated social housing sector with a substantial size and with a differentiated tenancy mix may play a crucial role in preventing spatial segregation of income groups. In this way social housing can contribute to the sustainability of a modernised welfare state.

The presentation of Dr. Kenneth Gibb, Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Despite the advent of the Single Market and the Euro, the European Union exhibits considerable diversity in its social and economic arrangements in a number of important spheres. One significant way in which countries differ in the EU is according to the types of national housing system (which of course interacts with national economic structures, welfare regimes, social trends and policy agendas). The focus of this paper is one aspect of these national housing systems, the social rented sector, and tries to map out trends and sources of change, divergence and convergence in social renting across selected EU nations. The approach taken in the paper is from an applied economics and financial perspective. The paper will draw heavily on the UK experience and from secondary sources examining social housing in Europe and the contemporary housing literature in selected EU countries.

Afternoon Session 1: The reality and prospects of social housing in the Central Europe

The presentation of Mr. Martin Lux, Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.

The paper provides brief description of main housing policy features during the Communism and of main changes in the sphere of rental housing during the last decade in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of the current state in the municipal housing, as the "social" character of this kind of housing is very low. The differences between market rents in free private rental sector and controlled rents in municipal housing are shown, and the distribution of profits from rent regulation among lower and higher income household is described. The share of lower income households on total number of households living in municipal rent-controlled housing sector is not significantly higher than this share in the case of other tenures. Large share of higher income households prospers then from low level of rent prices. On the contrary, the young non-residing households, very often with very low income, are forced to live in market rental sector and do not obtain any state contribution or any tenant protection. The deficit of new social housing legislation and social housing construction strengthens the social tensions on housing market. Housing policy measures introduced or prepared by Czech authorities currently do not provide a guarantee for future positive change towards higher affordability of rental housing. According to the author the transformation of rental housing sector has been realised only partially up to now. The list of future challenges of social housing and necessary housing policy measures is provided and discussed.

The presentations of Mr. Iván Tosics, Mr. Jozef Hegedüs, and Ms. Eva Geröhazi, Metropolitan Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.

The paper outlines the background of the current housing situation by describing the legal and economic changes concerning the housing sector in the last decade. The most dramatic changes could be observed in the social rental sector. The “social rental” sector in Hungary is considered to be equal to the municipal rental sector which was about 18-20% of the total stock before the privatization process started in the beginning of the 90’s. By now this share reduced to 5-5,5% and is still reducing. The management, maintenance and the renovation of this stock makes a big loss for the municipalities as the social rents are still a lot below the market level, they do not cover even the most needed expenses. The municipalities are in the decision of widening and economizing the sector at the same time. By now the only actor in the social housing field is the municipality, there are no signs of changing the total rental sector towards the most common European models. The paper gives a critical analysis of the latest measures of the national government which tries to avoid any fundamental changes in the housing sector and especially in the rental sector. The presentation also tries to outline the difficulties of widening the rental and mainly the social rental sector in Hungary. These difficulties could be rooted in the weakness of the financial sector, the lack of proper organizational forms, the lack of an effective system of housing allowances etc.

Saturday, 7th October, 2000

Morning Session: The reality and prospects of social housing in the Central Europe

The presentation of Mr. Zdislaw Slabkowicz, Forum of Social Housing Associations, Warszawa and Ms. Alina Muziol-Weclawowicz, National Bank of Poland, Warszawa, Poland.

Financial and legal assumptions, the process of implementation and data on the stock of the contemporary social housing system in Poland are reported in the paper in details. Social housing programme, established in 1995, is recognised as one of the most prosperous element of the housing provision system in Poland. There are several contextual conditions for this, for example:

Social housing in the current state policy is seen as a mid-term programme facilitating an increase of housing affordability for medium and lower income households during transitional phase of economic reforms. In a longer perspective social housing associations will continue investments and might compete with other institutions as managers of the stock.

The presentations of Ms. Jaroslava Zapletalová, Institute of Housing, Bratislava and Ms. Elena Szolgayová, Ministry of Construction and Regional Development of Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.

When evaluating the current state of housing in Slovakia and its accessibility for lower income groups it is necessary to go back to the situation in housing sector after the revolution in 1990 and recall several points:

Based on the comparison of the data and information from the previous period with the current information, the recent development in the field in the past ten years will be presented along with usefulness and absence of transformation measures. The presentation will focus on the following areas that have to do with the provision of housing for lower income groups.

The presentations were dealing with:

The Workshop was organized in co-operation with:

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